It is often advocated by nationalist and pan-nationalist movements and has been a feature of identity politics and cultural and political geography. Key Terms Black Hand A secret military society formed on May 9, 1911, by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple (1903) led by captain Dragutin Dimitrijević “Apis.” irredentism Any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a “lost” or “unredeemed” area territorial claims are justified on the basis of real or imagined national and historic (an area formerly part of that state) or ethnic (an area inhabited by that nation or ethnic group) affiliations. Eventually, Britain and France were also obliged to mobilize and declare war, beginning World War I. The system of European alliances led to a series of escalating Austrian and Russian mobilizations. This led to Austria-Hungary invading Serbia.
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